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" Cinéma New Zealand " peut faire référence à des films réalisés en Nouvelle Zélande, à des sociétés de production. Cependant il peut également se référer à des films réalisés " sur " la Nouvelle-Zélande par des cinéastes d'autre pays. De plus, en raison de la taille relativement petite de son industrie cinématographique, de nombreux films en Nouvelle-Zélande en sont des coproductions avec des sociétés basées dans d'autres pays.
New Zealand cinema can refer to films made by New Zealand-based production companies in New Zealand. However, it may also refer to films made about New Zealand by filmmakers from other countries. In addition, due to the relatively small size of its film industry, many New Zealand-made films are co-productions with companies based in other nations.
Définition Nouvelle Zélande film . En octobre, 1978 la commission des films de la Nouvelle Zélande a été formalisé par le Parlement sous le partie National de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Les fonctions de la commission de l'article 17 (1978) en Nouvelle Zélande étaient :
- Encourager et assister à la fabrication, promotion, distribution et exposition des films.
- Encourager et favoriser à la cohésion avec l'industrie du film néo-Zélandais.
- Encourager et favoriser la maintenance des films dans les archives.
Avec cette loi, l'industrie des films de la Nouvelle-Zélande est devenue plus stable. L'arcticle 18 de l'act de la comission des film néo-Zélandais s'appelle " contenue des films " servait à définir quels aspects qu'un film pouvait avoir pour être étiqueté comme un film néo-Zélandais. Pour se qualifier comme un film de la Néo-Zélandais, tout les aspects ci-dessous doivent être d'orignine néo-zélandais.
- Le sujet du film
- Les endroits où le film a été réalisé
- Les nationalités ou le domicile des: auteurs, scénaristes, compositeurs, producteurs, réalisateurs, acteurs, techniciens, rédacteurs ect
- Les sources à partir de laquelle l'argent est dérivée
- Les propriétés et le lieu des équipements et des installations techniques.
Defining New Zealand Film[modifier | modifier le code]
In October, 1978 the New Zealand Film Commission was formalised by Parliament under the National Party. The functions of the Commission under Article 17 New Zealand Film Commission Act (1978) were to;
- Encourage and assist in the making, promotion, distribution and exhibition of films
- Encourage and promote cohesion with NZ film industry
- Encourage and promote maintenance of films in archives
With this Act the New Zealand Film industry became more stabilised. Article 18 “Content of Films” New Zealand Film Commission Act (1978) would serve to define which aspects a film had to have in order for it to be labelled as a New Zealand Film. To qualify as a New Zealand film all the aspects listed below must be of New Zealand in origin;
- The subject of the film
- The locations at which the film was made
- The nationalities or places of residence of: The authors, scriptwriters, composers, producers, directors, actors, technicians, editors, etc.
- The sources from which the money is derived
- The ownership and whereabouts of the equipment and technical facilities
Ces aspects définit ces dernières années a suscité un débats à savoir si des films commes " Les fantômes contre fantômes ", et " Le seigneur des anneaux " la trilogie cinématographique, été considéré comme des films neo-zélandais. L' impacte de la comission de film de la Nouvelle-Zélande sur l'industrie était dans l'obtention de films faits, l'arriver à une définition de film de la Nouvelle-Zélande et l'aide établit une industrie d'écran en Nouvelle-Zélande
These defining aspects have in recent years caused debate on whether films like The Frighteners and the Lord of the Rings qualify as New Zealand Films. The impact of the New Zealand Film Commission on the industry was in getting films made, coming to a definition of NZ Film, and helping establish a Screen Industry in New Zealand.
La plupart des films de la Nouvelle-Zélande sont faits par des fabricants indépendants, souvent sur un petit budget et avec le soutien de fonds publics. Relativement peu de films en Nouvelle-Zélande ont était fait spécialement par commande pour le marché internationaux par des distributeurs des films internationaux. Most New Zealand films are made by independent filmmakers, often on a low budget and with sponsorship from public funds. Relatively few New Zealand-made films have been specifically commissioned for the international market by international film distributors.
Récemment, des sociétés cinématographiques internationales sont devenues plus conscients des compétences des cinéastes de Nouvelle-Zélande, et sont de plus en plus utilisés dans l'industrie cinématographiques de la Nouvelle-Zélande en tant que base pour tuer et aussi parfois terminer leur longs métrages. Recently, international film companies have become more aware of the skills of New Zealand filmmakers, and have increasingly used the New Zealand film industry as a base to shoot and also sometimes finish their feature films.
Le financement privé de films en Nouvelle-Zélande a souvent été réduit , même si pour une période au début des années 80 la réductions d'impôt a entraîné une ruée vers l'argent et un boom de la production. Bien que la tendance semble changer pour le mieu certain directeurs et auteurs de la Nouvelle-Zélande ont été ignorer en partie par leurs propre pays, malgrés le succés à l'étranger, et souvent eu à travailler aux Etats-Unis, en Australie et au Royaume-Uni à la suite. Private funding for New Zealand films has often been in short supply, although for a period in the early eighties tax-breaks resulted in a rush of money and a production boom. Although the trend seems to be changing for the better, some New Zealand directors and actors have been ignored in large part by their own country, despite success overseas, and often had to work in the USA, Australia, and the UK as a result.
Histoire Premier film La première projection d'un film à eu lieu le 13 octobre 1896 à l'opéra House Auckland et faisait partie d'un spectacle presenté par Charles Godfrey Vaudeville Company.
History[modifier | modifier le code]
Early film[modifier | modifier le code]
The first public screening of a motion picture was on October 13, 1896 at the Opera House, Auckland and was part of a show presented by Charles Godfrey’s Vaudeville Company.[1]
La première projection d'un film en couleurs ( le processus de couleurs, pas seulement un film en noir et blanc colorisé )a eu lieu la veille de noel en 1911. C'était une exposition simultanée aux Théatre d'Image du Globe,rue Queen et le Théâtre Kings, Haute-Pitt Street (maintenant Mercury Lane). The first screening of a colour film (colour process, not just a colourised black and white film) was on Christmas Eve in 1911. It was a simultaneous showing at the Globe Picture Theatre, Queen Street and the Kings Theatre, Upper Pitt Street (now Mercury Lane).
Le premier cinéaste en Nouvelle-Zélande a était Alfred Whitehouse, qui a fait des films entre 1898 et mi-1900. Le plus ancien en Nouvelle-Zélande est Whitehouse " Le départ de la deuxième contingent de la guerre des Boers " (1900). The first filmmaker in New Zealand was Alfred Whitehouse, who made ten films between 1898 and mid-1900. The oldest surviving New Zealand film is Whitehouse's The Departure of the Second Contingent for the Boer War (1900).
Le premier long métrage tourné en Nouvelle-Zélande est sans doute " Hinemoa (1914)il a été crée le 17 aout 1914. The first feature film made in New Zealand is arguably Hinemoa. It premiered on August 17, 1914 at the Lyric Theatre, Auckland.[2][3]
Le plus ancien cinéma survivant est Roxburgh, [citation nécessaire] situé dans Central Otago. Il a été inauguré en Octobre 1898 et est toujours ouverte. The oldest surviving cinema is Roxburgh,[réf. nécessaire] located in Central Otago. It was opened in October 1898 and is still open.
La periode classique Le film de la Nouvelle-Zélande était une industrie à petite échelle pendant les années 1960 d'années 1920. Pendant les années 1920 et les années 1930, le directeur Rudall Haywar a fait un certain nombre de longs métrages sur des thèmes de la Nouvelle-Zélande."Le Dernier Stand(Position) de Rewi" était probablement son mieux, mais peu de ce film de 1925 survit. Le film a été refait avec le son dans les années 1930. Le cinéaste indépendant John O'Shea (le directeur) était actif de 1940 à 1970 la fabrication le cinéma de la Nouvelle-Zélande; sa société des Films du Pacifique a produit des nombreux films courts aussi bien que les trois longs métrages de la Nouvelle-Zélande faits dans cette période : "la Barrière Cassée" (1952) avec Roger Mirams, "le Fugitif (le film de 1964) |Runaway" (1964) et "Ne le laisse pas Vous obtenir" (1966).
The Classical era[modifier | modifier le code]
New Zealand film was a small-scale industry during the 1920s-1960s. During the 1920s and 1930s, director Rudall Hayward made a number of feature films on New Zealand themes. Rewi's Last Stand was probably his best, but little of this 1925 film survives. The film was remade with sound in the 1930s. Independent filmmaker John O'Shea was active from 1940 to 1970 making New Zealand cinema; his company Pacific Films produced numerous short films as well as the three New Zealand feature films made in that period: Broken Barrier (1952) with Roger Mirams, Runaway (1964), and Don't Let It Get You (1966).
Toutefois, pendant cette periode However, during this period, most New Zealand-made films were documentaries. The National Film Unit was a government-funded producer of short films, documentaries, and publicity material. This is New Zealand, a short film made for the World Expo in 1970 was extremely popular there and subsequently screened in New Zealand cinemas, to much public acclaim. It used three projectors onto a wide screen, and was restored in 2004-05 and later re-released.
Les années 1970 et années 1980 Pendant la fin des années 1970, la Commission de Film de la Nouvelle-Zélande a été établie pour financer la production de films de cinéma de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Un certain nombre de projets de film ont été financés et cela a mené à une revitalisation de l'industrie cinématographique de la Nouvelle-Zélande.
The 1970s and 1980's[modifier | modifier le code]
During the late 1970s, the New Zealand Film Commission was established to fund the production of New Zealand cinema films. A number of film projects were funded and this led to a revitalisation of the New Zealand film industry.
Un des premiers films de la Nouvelle-Zélande à attirer des spectateurs à grande échelle à la maison - et voit aussi que la sortie aux États-Unis - "Dormait des Chiens (le film de 1977)", adressé(dirigé) par Roger Donaldson en 1977.Un thriller d'action politique sombre qui peint la réaction d'un homme à la formation d'un totalitaire le gouvernement et ultérieur guerrilla de guérillero en Nouvelle-Zélande, cela a présenté Sam Neill comme un acteur principal.Tandis que ses images locales de grande échelle le conflit civil et la répression gouvernementale étaient peu familiers à la plupart des visionneurs(téléspectateurs), ils sont devenues un point de référence après le le Tour de Springbok de 1981 des protestations et la réponse de police, juste quelques années plus tard.
One of the first New Zealand films to attract largescale audiences at home - and also see release in the United States - was Sleeping Dogs, directed by Roger Donaldson in 1977. A dark political action thriller that portrays the reaction of one man to the formation of a totalitarian government, and subsequent guerrilla war in New Zealand, it introduced Sam Neill as a leading actor. While its local images of large scale civil conflict and government repression were unfamiliar to most viewers, they became a reference point after the 1981 Springbok Tour protests and police response, just a few years later.
Sleeping Dogs est également notable pour être le premier long-métrage film 35 mm | 35 mm entièrement réalisé par une équipe de Nouvelle-Zélande de production.Avant cela, les films tels que 1973 de[Catch http://www.filmarchive.org.nz/feature-project/pages/RangisCatch.php Rangi]a été filmé et mis en Nouvelle-Zélande, mais étaient encore produites et dirigé par des équipages étrangers. Sleeping Dogs was also notable for being the first full-length 35mm feature film made entirely by a New Zealand production crew. Before then, feature films such as 1973's Rangi's Catch had been filmed and set in New Zealand, but were still produced and directed by foreign crews.
1981 a vu la sortie du road movieGoodbye Pork Pie , qui a fait 1,5 million de dollars NZ (soit un chiffre comparable avec les grands d'Hollywood [[, Californie | Hollywood] blockbusters] de l'époque commeStar Warsou Jaws ). Directeur Geoff Murphy accepté des offres film de Hollywood. 1981 saw the release of the road movie Goodbye Pork Pie, which made NZ$1.5 million (a figure comparable with major Hollywood blockbusters of the time like Star Wars or Jaws). Director Geoff Murphy accepted movie offers from Hollywood.
La sortie Goodbye Pork Pie est d'être l'atteignant la majorité de cinéma de la Nouvelle-Zélande, comme il a montré que les Néo-Zélandais pourraient faire des films réussis de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Auparavant Murphy a été éloigné par Hollywood, il a fait deux autre clé(touche) des films de la Nouvelle-Zélande, Utu (le film), (1983), des guerres de terre des années 1860 et [[The Quiet Earth (film) 1985 " un film de science-fiction.Les deux films représentés(disposés de) Bruno Lawrence, qui est devenu une star de cinéma dans le pays. The release of Goodbye Pork Pie is considered to be the coming-of-age of New Zealand cinema, as it showed that New Zealanders could make successful films about New Zealand. Before Murphy was lured away by Hollywood, he made two other key New Zealand films, Utu, (1983), about the land wars of the 1860s, and The Quiet Earth (1985) a science fiction film. Both films featured Bruno Lawrence, who became a movie star in the country.
In 1987 Barry Barclay's film Ngati, screenplay by Tama Poata and starring veteran actor Wi Kuki Kaa, was released to critical acclaim and some box-office success. 'Ngati' is recognised as the first feature film to be written and directed by a member of a minority indigenous population (in this case Maori) anywhere in the world.
Maori filmmaker Merata Mita is the first woman in New Zealand to write and direct a dramatic feature film, Mauri (1988).[4] An accomplished documentary filmmaker, Mita made landmark documentaries on significant events in New Zealand's history including Patu! (1983) about the controversial and violent anti-apartheid protests during the 1981 Springboks rugby tour from South Africa, and Bastion Point: Day 507 (1980)[5] during the eviction of Ngāti Whātua Maori tribe from their traditional land Bastion Point, known as 'Takaparawhau' in Maori.
The Coming of Age of The New Zealand Short Film[modifier | modifier le code]
During the late 1980s a trend developed that saw the reinvention of the New Zealand short film form. Alison Maclean's landmark short Kitchen Sink came to typify the trend. Instead of trying to be short features focused on dialogue and character, the new shorts tried instead to push the envelope in terms of visual design and cinematic language. The result saw an explosion of visually rich and compelling works that seemed to aspire more to the best of European cinema than the mainstay of Hollywood fare.[réf. nécessaire]
Key examples of these are: The Lounge Bar (Don McGlashan, Harry Sinclair as The Front Lawn, 1989), 12 Min, 35 mm, colour; Kitchen Sink (Alison Maclean, 1989), 14 minutes, 35 mm, b/w; A Little Death (Simon Perkins, Paul Swadel, 1994), 11 minutes, 16 mm, colour & b/w; Stroke (Christine Jeffs, 1994) 8 Min, 35 mm, colour; La Vie En Rose (Anna Reeves, 1994), 7 Min, colour; A Game With No Rules (Scott Reynolds, 1994), 16.30 Min, colour; Eau de la vie (Simon Baré, 1993), 13 Min, colour; and notably O Tamaiti (The Children) (Sima Urale, 1996) which won the Silver Lion Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival; and Two Cars, One Night (Taika Waititi) which was nominated Best Short Film at the Academy Awards.[réf. nécessaire]
International success[modifier | modifier le code]
The early 1990s saw New Zealand film gain international recognition, most obviously with Jane Campion's The Piano (1993), which won four Academy Awards. Peter Jackson's Heavenly Creatures (1994) and Lee Tamahori's Once Were Warriors also gained international critical acclaim and high grosses in a number of countries. The first two examples showed an increasing tendency for New Zealand films to be partially or completely overseas-funded, and also star non-New Zealand actors (Holly Hunter and Harvey Keitel in The Piano and Kate Winslet in Heavenly Creatures). This did not stop the migration of New Zealand talent to the United States: Tamahori, Melanie Lynskey of Heavenly Creatures and Canadian-born Piano star Anna Paquin are now all primarily based in America, and some of the Warriors cast also found work there.
A notable exception to the migration tendency is Peter Jackson, who has continued to make films in New Zealand. Jackson's career began with low-budget comedy movies, such as Bad Taste (1987) and Meet the Feebles (1989). He gradually became noticed by Hollywood, and directed the phenomenally successful Lord of the Rings films. Although made with mainly American money (and an advantageous tax break from the New Zealand government) and a primarily international cast, Jackson filmed the movies in New Zealand, using a largely Kiwi production crew, helping create an enormous skill base in the New Zealand film industry.
This has led to a number of prominent Hollywood films being made in New Zealand, with major international productions not only filming there but also using the various post-production facilities and special effects companies on offer. The resulting films include The Last Samurai and The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. While the funding for these movies is largely American, it has helped New Zealand film studios and filmmakers develop their skills and improve their facilities. The audiences of Bollywood fell in love with New Zealand after the super hit movie Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai was released in 2000, starring Hrithik Roshan.[réf. nécessaire]
However, some industry figures claim that having large international productions employ New Zealanders has its downside. One New Zealand filmmaker recently highlighted how difficult it was to employ cameramen when working on a low-budget New Zealand film, as cameramen are now used to receiving large wages [1]. Other film makers find that the opposite is true, and argue that the greater number of local professionals may actually have driven wages down from the relative heights of the 1980s. Another alleged downside is that the big-budget internal productions swallow up any funding New Zealand has available, making it far more difficult for local productions to find money. [réf. nécessaire]
Despite this, local content has also significantly increased with notable films including In My Father's Den (directed by Brad McGann - 2004) and The World's Fastest Indian (directed by Roger Donaldson - 2005). Both films have done very well at the New Zealand box-office, most notably The World's Fastest Indian, which beat the record held by Once Were Warriors to become the highest grossing New Zealand film at the domestic box-office, taking in over $6.5 million.
The latter part of this decade saw the expansion of Peter Jackson's filmmaking empire with Jackson optioning the rights to The Lovely Bones, Halo, The Dam Busters and the fantasy dragon series Temeraire. Major productions such as James Cameron's Avatar and the 2007 summer blockbuster The Water Horse: Legend of the Deep are also utilizing Jackson's Wellington studios and enlisting special effects giant Weta Digital.
An important and accessible retrospective of New Zealand film, Sam Neill's Cinema of Unease was made in 1995. The film presented the history of New Zealand film from the personal perspective of Sam Neil.
New Zealand Film Archive[modifier | modifier le code]
The New Zealand Film Archive was founded and incorporated on March 9, 1981. Film enthusiast, critic and historian Jonathan Dennis (1953 – 2002) was a primary driving force behind the archive and became its first director. The archive was set up to preserve and restore significant New Zealand film and television images. It now holds a collection of much of early New Zealand cinema film and holds public screenings of its collection.
Much of the early cinema film made in New Zealand has been lost, as it was printed on unstable nitrate film base. In 1992, when film enthusiasts and the New Zealand Film Archive realised how much of New Zealand's film heritage was being lost, they mounted the Last Film Search and found 7,000 significant films, both in New Zealand and around the world.
Recently released New Zealand films[modifier | modifier le code]
2003[modifier | modifier le code]
| Name | Director | Starring | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Last Samurai | Edward Zwick | Tom Cruise, Ken Watanabe | Co-production with the USA |
| The Locals | Greg Page | Kate Elliott, Dwayne Cameron | |
| Perfect Strangers | Gaylene Preston | Sam Neill, Rachael Blake | |
| The Return of the King | Peter Jackson | Viggo Mortensen, Karl Urban | Academy Award winner for Best Picture And Best Director 2003 |
2004[modifier | modifier le code]
| Name | Director | Starring | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fracture | Larry Parr | Kate Elliott, John Noble | |
| In My Father's Den | Brad McGann | Emily Barclay, Matthew Macfadyen | Released internationally |
| Spooked | Geoff Murphy | Ian Mune, Cliff Curtis | |
| Without a Paddle | Steven Brill | Seth Green, Burt Reynolds | New Zealand locations |
2005[modifier | modifier le code]
| Name | Director | Starring | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 Ways of Saying Fabulous | Stewart Main | Andrew Patterson, Jay Collins | |
| Boogeyman | Stephen Kay | Barry Watson, Lucy Lawless | Co-production with the USA |
| The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe | Andrew Adamson | Liam Neeson, Tilda Swinton | Made with American funding |
| King Kong | Peter Jackson | Naomi Watts, Jack Black | Academy Award winner for Best Achievement in Visual Effects 2005 |
| Memories of Tomorrow | Amit Tripuraneni | Richard Thompson, Rachel Gilchrist, Ray Trickett | Independent film |
| River Queen | Vincent Ward | Samantha Morton, Kiefer Sutherland | |
| The World's Fastest Indian | Roger Donaldson | Anthony Hopkins, Jessica Cauffiel | Highest grossing NZ film |
2006[modifier | modifier le code]
| Name | Director | Starring | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sione's Wedding | Chris Graham | Robbie Magasiva, Nathaniel Lees | (or Samoan Wedding) |
| No. 2 | Toa Fraser | Ruby Dee, Nathaniel Lees | Audience Award winner at Sundance |
| Out of the Blue | Robert Sarkies | Karl Urban, Paul Glover | Based on a true story |
| Meet Me in Miami | Iren Koster' | Carlos Ponce, Tara Leniston | Independent film |
2007[modifier | modifier le code]
| Name | Director | Starring | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black Sheep | Jonathan King | Oliver Driver, Peter Feeney | Winner of 2008 Sir Julius Vogel Award. Best Reviewed New Zealand Horror Film of 2007 |
| Bridge to Terabithia | Gábor Csupó | Robert Patrick, Zooey Deschanel | Filmed in Auckland |
| Eagle vs Shark | Taika Waititi | Jemaine Clement, Craig Hall | |
| Perfect Creature | Glenn Standring | Saffron Burrows, Dougray Scott | |
| The Tattooist | Peter Burger | Jason Behr, Michael Hurst | |
| The Devil Dared Me To | Chris Stapp | Chris Stapp, Matt Heath |
2008[modifier | modifier le code]
| Name | Director | Starring | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Ferryman | Chris Graham | Amber Sainsbury, John Rhys-Davies, Kerry Fox | |
| Apron Strings | Sima Urale | Peter Elliott, Laila Rouass, Scott Wills | |
| Show of Hands | Anthony McCarten | Melanie Lynskey, Stephen Lovatt | |
| Dean Spanley | Toa Fraser | Peter O'Toole, Jeremy Northam, Sam Neill, Bryan Brown | |
| Last of the Living | Logan McMillan | Morgan Williams, Ashleigh Southam, Robert Faith, Emily Paddon-Brown |
2009[modifier | modifier le code]
2010[modifier | modifier le code]
| Name | Director | Starring | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boy | Taika Waititi | James Rolleston, Taika Waititi | |
| Home by Christmas | Gaylene Preston | Martin Henderson, Tony Barry | |
| Matariki | Michael Bennett | Sara Wiseman, Alix Bushnell, Jarrod Rawiri |
Future releases[modifier | modifier le code]
| Name | Director | Notes | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Adventures of Tintin: Secret of the Unicorn | Steven Spielberg | Andy Serkis | 2011 |
| The Hobbit | Unknown | Andy Serkis, Ian McKellen | 2012 |
| Tintin (sequel) | Peter Jackson | Andy Serkis | 2012 |
| The Dam Busters | Christian Rivers | TBA | |
| Temeraire | Peter Jackson | TBA | |
| Untitled Charles Upham biopic | TBA | ||
| Untitled Bruce McLaren biopic | TBA |
Other movies filmed or to be filmed in New Zealand[modifier | modifier le code]
Notable feature directors[modifier | modifier le code]
| Name | Notable works | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Andrew Adamson | Shrek 1 and 2, The Narnia film series | Academy Award-winner |
| Martin Campbell | Casino Royale, The Mask of Zorro, GoldenEye | BAFTA-winner |
| Jane Campion | The Piano | Academy Award-winner, Golden Palm-nominee |
| Niki Caro | Whale Rider, North Country | BAFTA- winner |
| Roger Donaldson | Dante's Peak, Cocktail, The World's Fastest Indian, The Recruit | Golden Palm-nominee |
| Ellory Elkayem | Eight Legged Freaks | |
| Peter Jackson | Lord of the Rings trilogy, King Kong | Three-time Academy Award-winner |
| Geoff Murphy | Goodbye Pork Pie, Young Guns II | |
| Andrew Niccol | Lord of War, Gattaca, The Truman Show (writer) | BAFTA-winner, Academy Award-nominee |
| Lee Tamahori | Die Another Day, Along Came a Spider, Once Were Warriors | |
| Taika Waititi | Eagle vs Shark, Two Cars, One Night, Boy | Academy Award-nominee |
| Vincent Ward | River Queen, What Dreams May Come | Two-time time Golden Palm nominee |
Notable actors[modifier | modifier le code]
See also[modifier | modifier le code]
- List of cinema of the world
- Wellywood
- World cinema
- List of New Zealand film makers
- List of New Zealand films
References[modifier | modifier le code]
- MIC - Film pioneers
- « Tracking Shots: Close Ups on NZ Film History: Hinemoa », New Zealand Film Archive (consulté le )
- « THE CINEMA IN NZ IS ONE HUNDRED YEARS OLD », NEWZGRAM - the News Aerogramme of New Zealand, vol. VIII, no 8, , p 4 (lire en ligne, consulté le )
- http://www.wiftauckland.org.nz/merata-mita-13
- http://www.nzonscreen.com/person/merata-mita/biography